Abstract:

For the last 100-150 years, all biomedicine has been actively using the methods of deterministic and stochastic science. However, more than 70 years ago W. Weaver, the founder of information theory, proposed a revolutionary hypothesis about special systems of the third type - living systems. In 1947, the year before its publication, the genius biomechanic of the 20th century N.A. Bernstein proposed the hypothesis of "repetition without repetition" in the organization of movements. These two hypotheses raised questions about the further use of any statistical methods in the study of biosystems. However, their proof would require going beyond determinism and stochastics.

Keywords: stochastics, chaos, uncertainty, complexity, Eskov-Zinchenko effect